Diabetes
The term 'diabetes' refers to a group of diseases that affect how the body uses blood glucose, also referred to as blood sugar.
Types
There are several types of this condition with the most common one being Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Other types include Diabetes Insipidus (DI) and Gestational diabetes. A juvenile form DM occurs before the patient reaches adulthood or before the age of 16 or 18.
An emerging form of this condition is known as pre-diabetes. This is a stage of the condition where the body is experiencing problems with how it reacts to insulin. It is commonly diagnosed in young adults and even kids who are obese and those that live a sedentary lifestyle.
Symptoms
The symptoms experienced by the patient with this condition are fairly similar regardless of the type. DI, however, is sometimes characterized by excessive thirst and urination. Healthcare providers may include dehydration prevention as part of the treatment plan.
Most patients who are familiar with diabetes would most probably have heard of the three cardinal symptoms associated with the condition. The three symptoms include:
- Increased Thirst or Polydysia - Is often more pronounced in DI
- Increased Urination or Polyuria
- Increased Hunger or Polyphagia
Other symptoms that may be experienced by a diabetic patient include unexplained fatigue and weight loss. Other may also notice that their sores, wounds or cuts heal slower than normal. Infections, especially that of the gums and skin may also be more prevalent.
Management of Diabetes
The management of the condition depends on the type of diseases that the patient has. In some cases (i.e. DM Type I) the patient may require regular insulin injections to help control blood sugar. The goal of insulin medication is to prevent hyperglycemia (increased blood sugar levels). The dosage of insulin must be regulated depending on the patients needs in order to avoid hypoglycemia (low blood sugar levels), which can be as damaging to the body as its counterpart. Some types of the condition do not require insulin shots.
No matter what diabetes type the patient has, it is important to make sure that they follow a diet specially designed for the disease. The diet will be helpful in ensuring that they maintain their blood sugar at the ideal levels.
